We caught up with socialite, “It boy” and all round Fashionisto Emmanuel Ray (www.socialite-evenings.com) to find out what he makes of the current state of the sector, and how those aspiring to a creative career can make a splash.

1 – What are your top tips for anyone thinking about going into the creative industries?

Unless your work takes off almost immediately or you come from a privileged background, the chances that you might struggle to make ends meet are highly likely! So don’t quit your day job. Or do something part time to get a regular income. The first step is the most difficult one to take.. as you might have to do a lot of things for free, to build up your portfolio. Networking is very important. Whether you’re an aspiring fashion designer, tortured artist, eccentric writer or fabulous presenter, you MUST network. It is definitely the way forward in this competitive business. Soon you’ll realise that Who you Know is as equally important as What You Know! Look at everything from a business angle and learn how to spot opportunities. If opportunities don’t come soon, create them and cash in! Cut costs by swapping favours. Get a team of young proactive people together. Never start seeking sponsorship or partners without a proper proposal that lists out everything you offer first. What you seek should be mentioned last, briefly.

2 – Is it important to take a degree in a creative subject still?

A degree does make potential employers take you seriously. But I don’t have one, nor do I have any formal training in tv, media, film etc. Look how far I’ve come, in a short time! My personal opinion is that one needs no degree in a creative subject. But there are many young people who would like to have a formal education whether it is fine art, design or journalism. They do teach you everything step by step and that can give you re assurance, stability and security – that you’re learning from the experts. It’s a personal choice. Degree or no degree, true talent always shines through. I am talking from my personal experience of course!

3 – How big a problem is unpaid work and low pay in your experience?

It’s a very BIG problem. Many young people are being taken advantage of in the creative businesses. They are asked to work for free and are being promised exposure. Many tell me they are not given travel money or food! Then to add insult to injury, when the project is publicised or complete, they have to chase those who hired them, to get pictures, copies and so on for their portfolios. I’ve personally got involved in other peoples problems because I hate watching anyone being used or abused. Perhaps that is why Hello Magazine’s Emily Johnston named me the God father of the fashion industry! That was funny… but speaking seriously, there should be a government legislation that prevents the abuse of creative people. Some universtities say they will only release their students to work on projects if they are paid minimum wage. But outside the universities, these guys and girls network and end up working for nothing. I’ve been asked to Present, Host events and Commentate for free, in return for exposure. They keep saying “you’ll get exposure!” And I say “I don’t need exposure! I need money. Will you work for a few hours for free?” Then they shut up and go elsewhere to find some other young person to trick into working for nothing, in return for nothing! The ugly truth is that in this business, there are many young talented people, desperate to get that 15 minutes in the lime light. They will gladly work for free, just to build their portfolios. But if they are given at least some money, it would make them feel their time is worth something. If you cannot pay them, at least offer something substantial in return.. copies of the work, publicity in press releases, products from the event, networking opportunities etc. Whether they are an intern or not, I do my best to pay them through the budget, when I hire them for events. I re imburse travel, offer them food and drink, give them publicity and exposure and also give them honorary membership at my business networkiing society. I would also urge those in the creative industries to be alert and not fall into traps. If you allow yourself to be taken advantange of, then that’s your stupidity!

4 – Is being successful in the creative industries a case of “who you know” not “what you know”?

It is both. Who you know can work for awhile. It worked for me when I started off as a Model at 15. But I soon realised that good looks and who you know can only work for some time. There’s a lot of hard work you need to put in, learn new things, carve a niche, be different, stand out etc. You also have to make some really tough choices. Once I had to choose between a a really good job, and a friendship. I chose the job. Once I ahd to do something I was not at all happy with, in order to get ahead. I did it! What you know is very improtant too. As a Fashion Commentator, I started in March 2009. I waqs unprofessional, turned up drunk at shoots, never practised my script etc. My then agent Simon Wilson from Express Broadcast told me to grow up and take charge of my career or it would be over soon. Whom I knew and who he knew helped my career a lot in the first 6 months. Then it was upto me to show them what I was capable of and withint he next 3-4 months I had to perfect my act and carve my niche. I did not want to fit it, I wanted to stand out… so with a lot of hard work and putting ideas together, I managed to merge my 3 careers: Fashion Commentator, Business Networker & Events Host – and become The Working Socialite. This covers a variety of other work too from art exhibitions to charity fund raisers. If I had not worked on my career and learned everything I know through trial and error, on the job, I would never have gotten this far. You wouldn’t know me so this interview wouldn’t be happening. My advice to everyone is network properly and use who you know to get ahead, but make sure you work at your craft as what you know is what keeps your career going in the long run. Who you know might also be able to help you learn what you would come to know later!

5 – Can creativity be a tool for breaking out of poverty or deprived areas?

Yes. It worked for me. In my case, I would put it down to luck, although I was passionate and very hard working. I started dance at the age of 6 and gave my first public performance. I continued as a Dancer and was spotted on the beach when I was 15, then became a model. I had never thought about modeling before then. Dance and Modeling continued and it certainly help tackle poverty. I was raised in a poor background without any luxuries, so when Modeling and Dance took me places, I also started working on fashion and beauty promotions, adding to my income. I also did some writing, presenting at shows etc. Creative people should see the business angle in their work and focus on making money. Commercial is the way to go. Once your settled and have some money coming in, then you can do things that feed your artistic interests. For me, it was very difficult at the beginning, to get paid work. Even now it is not easy and I am very selective about what projects I take on. Basically, if there is no money, I’m not interested. Mutually beneficial agreements, swapping favours and charity fund raising, social causes etc – all depend on what it brings. Will it be fruitful? What’s in it for me? Why would I do that? These are questions all creative professionals should ask themselves before saying YES to a job that does not bring in money. One needs to spot opportunities, or even create them in order to bring home the biryani!

6 – Is the UK still an international force to be reckoned with in creative terms?

Of course. You out of all people should know that! From my experience, the majority of creative people around the world; artists, entertainers, designers and so on – all want to come to the UK. We are living in this fabulous creative hub that is the UK, which is almost at the centre of the world, with connecting flights from many countries. This land is steeped in culture, history, art and heritage. It is also very multi cultural and welcoming. The UK is where my career took off. When I landed in Britain, the country embraced me with open toned arms! Various designers from the USA, East Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East are flocking to London to showcase their work. With some hard work put it, they can get a venue for free to host their fashion show or presentation. Runways are expensive to create. So designers in London are showcasing their collections on film. Scottish designer Henrietta Ludgate’s work was put on display on a film showing models dancing to ballet, with 60s music in the background. Turkish designer Omar Kashoura’s presentation of models dressed in clothing inspired by urban life, was presented to the audience at a bar/restaurant in the strand. Italian fashion designer Nico Didonna and Irish designer Orla Kiely do presentations and videos, creating a visual treat that prevents the audiences’ eyes from wandering. It is very focused and they have managed to master the art of the Visual Impact. Ginta Siceva jewllery and Nonya K scarves are other brands that are making the most of this creative platform we have in the UK. Many young designers from overseas who do not have the budget to fork out thousands of pounds, tell me that they find it is cheaper to do their shows and presentations in London. La Geneve North events host some great fashion shows for up & coming designers. I do the same for designers that approach me, if I have the time. The truth remains that great quality means money! No matter how much you collaborate or swap favours, money is what brings you the additional extras such as celebrity booking, a good film/video, and great people who would work for you. Students are great, but if you need someone experienced and professional, you’ve got to open that clutch purse! The UK was, is and will always be an international force that would both attract and influence creativity. From singers to designers, artists and painters, designers and performers – a lot of them approach us and ask us to help launch their careers in the UK.

7 – If you could give your younger self one piece of advice before you started on your journey what would it be?

Time does not wait for anyone, and nor should you! My father told me this and I did not listen. I only took it to hear properly after he passed away a year ago. We had a love/hate relationship and I was very nasty to my dad before I left Sri Lanka. I always thought there’d be tomorrow to apologise, kiss and make up. But it was too late. Whether it is a personal issue, a career step, an opportunity, partnership, a relationship or anything else – NEVER leave it for tomorrow and NEVER wait for anything that might hold you back. Time is precious, time is money. You only get one shot at this life so make the most of it, and move fast.. allowing yourself just about enough time to pause and enjoy the little pleasures of life like a bunch of roses, a baby’s smile or the swans in the lake. You can relax and do nothing once you’ve lived most of your life and want to do less and take a break. I wasted so many years of my life after the end of my modeling career, doing drugs, getting drunk, bed hopping and bar hopping. If I had taken my Dad’s advice, I would have achieved my goals earlier. But we all make mistakes. The best thing is to learn from them and never make those mistakes again. My friend Marcel Nagajek was another person who told me the same thing “Time will not wait for you so act, fast, sort your life out and work hard! You’re not getting any younger!” His encouragement made me think of what Daddy said and I took it to heart. Look at where I am now?

8 – How accurate is the portrayal of bitchy infighting in creative organisations and fashion shows by the media and films?

It is quite accurate. I have met people in the industry that resemble characters in these films and TV shows; the bitchy editor, the swollen headed designer, the drug addicted model, the nasty journalist, the overnight-sensation blogger who has his/her head stuck in the clouds, the back stabbers, the jealous crazy idiots who can’t stomach someone else’s success, the swindlers and con artists who ask for money but don’t deliver what they promise, the annoying nutters who want everything for free, the freeloaders and so on. Film, TV and the Media in general (also novels) reflect what goes on in real life. Yes, they are often exaggerated and sensationalised but isn’t that what happens anyway… in fashion, film and showbiz in general? It’s all good fun and I think those true to themselves and work with genuineness and passion… are much more at ease with themselves and don’t get their mini briefs into a twist over trivial nonsense! Also, in this business, one has to make very touch choices. And that is perfectly portrayed in movies such as The Devil Wears Prada and Confessions of a Shopaholic.

9 – How can UK creative graduates break into international markets?

People overseas have a certain awe and appreciation for graduates that are educated in London or Britain. Having a degree from a British University can get you a job in anywhere in the world.. although sometimes you need to compromise. When I was in Dubai, I saw hundreds of British graduates flocking to the Arabian Gulf for jobs that offered them better pay, perks, accommodation and food, and a tax free lifestyle. Of course, it is not all wine and roses. Most often, you are working for the rulers of the land and you don’t really have the freedom or rights you have in the UK, over there. Whether you’re a director, manager or a cleaner – you’re seen as an expat who’s there to earn a living and staff to the rulers. But this usually applies to careers that are more corporate. Creativity is seen as a form of expression and a unique talent in human beings. Artists from the west who have worked in the Middle East, Asia, Africa and the Americas, are often treated very well and gain appreciation. UK creative graduates should do their research and learn about world affairs and politics, as they influence lifestyles, trigger off changes in society and so on. Look, see and listen. Which world economies are growing at a rapid phase. Why are so many Indian investors entering the film scene in Britain and in the USA. Why are the Gulf Arabs buying large amounts of property in the UK? What is the next big thing in the Middle East? The silent revolution and changes in art and creativity in general, in East Asia. African brands slowly making their way into the corporate sector in the UK. All of these things are connected. For example, in Sri Lanka, I worked on a project that was supported by the Sri Lankan and Japanese goverments, strengthening ties between 2 nations. A lot of creative people got jobs and it worked well for most of us. Perhaps a UK creative graduate can spot an opportunity between the UK and another government overseas? Maybe it could become a project. Said graduate can ask for backing from both governments and also travel overseas. The project will be publicised on an international level by both governments, the media and so on. Cultural entrepreneur Pablo Ganguli made it work and hosts events world wide, helping and supporting various creative professionals. My advice would be is to come up with a unique idea. If you’re seeking employment in the creative sector overseas, then do some research. Get to know people in the UK that hail from the country you have your eyes set on. Learn something about their culture and ways of communication. Network and attend targeted events, get in touch with media professionals in those countries. Think about doing a project here focused on that country and involve people from both communities. Think outside the box. Creativity today is about The Here, The Now and The New. And finally, don’t be taken for a ride. Make sure you are absolutely sure you know what you’re getting yourself into and be aware of your rights. After all, you’re creative and that makes you special!

10 – What should the government be doing to help the UK creative sector flourish?

Not axing the UK film council would be a good start! I can’t believe they are event contemplating this. We see a lot of home grown talent such as Kat Deeley and Alexa Chung going to the USA. I recently met a British actress who now lives in LA and she keeps bad mouthing the UK scene all the time saying there is no work here and that everything is cheap and rubbish. Many film makers struggle to get funding for their films in the UK. Co productions between India, the USA and the UK are becoming more common, which is a good thing. Young up & coming British actresses like Lisa Lazarus and Amy Jackson have succeeded in getting work in India. This seems to be a sudden trend among British actresses. They all want to go to India as it is a tad easier than breaking into Hollywood. The Indian Film Festival at Riverside Studios was a great event but did not do much to bring together home grown talent with potential investors and backers from overseas. I personally think that there should be a government body that imposes strict guide lives for film, fashion and cultural events in the UK, so everyone involved would do their work properly and not slack. The government should also be able to set up a trust fund or something of that sort that draws a certain amount from tax and revenue, and also appeal to various artistocrats, celebrities and the rich and wealthy to contribute generously to this fund. The money should be used to support those in the creative sector that are struggling to make ends meet or have no means of showcasing their talent to the world. Applicants will be investigated and I think it is perfectly alright to hire a few experienced personnel to deal with this issue. Celebrate the multi culturalism in the creative sector in the UK and give support to both new and established creative professionals who need to take the first steps, get back on the ladder, or want that extra helping hand to achieve their goals and contribute to the creative industries in the UK. Find out those claiming benefits. If they’re are at least reasonably physically able and have at least some form of creative interest, get them to work on projects that benefit young people in the creative sectors. If they don’t have a creative interest, then let them work behind the scenes in admin. It is both irritating and infuriating to see benefit frauds, and those doing nothing (even when they have the ability to work) just sitting their wasting tax payers’ money, bragging about it in the press AND justifying their laziness with stupid excuses. Gather all of them up and make them work for the creative sectors. At least they’ll have a fun time rather than being stuck at home with their boring brood! I would like to set up an independent body that helps and supports those in the creative sectors. I’ve decided to take the first steps towards making this idea become a reality, once London Fashion Week is over and I’ve completed my projects for this year. The government should also involve people like me in a project like what I mentioned above. Those in the creative businesses who have had to struggle to get where we are now, have a better idea of what needs to be done and how we can tackle the lack of support, funding and facilities for young professionals in the creative sectors. An organisation that provides free catwalk spaces and facilities for up & coming talent in the fashion industry would be a great idea too. A central location in London, a generous amount of space and good lighting would be a dream come true for many an aspiring designer. We all wear clothes and shoes. Fashion is part of everyone’s life whether we like it or not. The British fashion industry is full of fabulous young talent. They the the passion, skills, creativity etc but what they need in order to succeed are resources, exposure and of course, money!

When he’s not occupying the pages and sofas of Fashion houses and chic bars, Emmanuel runs networking events via www.socialite-evenings.com. Watch this space for imminent coverage of their August event.

Picture 1: Emmanuel Ray wears Nico Didonna at the opening night gala of Indian Film Festival, Riverside Studios, London UK. Picture 2: Emmanuel Ray in Nico Didonna with designer & illustrator Rebecca Cumaraswamy. Indian Film Festival, Riverside Studios, London UK. Pictures 3 : Emmanuel Ray in Nico Didonna, at Oliver Dunsch exhibition at Fiumano Fine Art Gallery. Photo by Lai-Ha Mo @ Missy Mo Photography.

Fashion Presenter Emmanuel Ray is dressed by Nico Didonna. He is styled by Ejaz @ House of Christilano.

Hello Comrades,

We’ve received the following info from our friends at http://actorsminimumwage.wordpress.com:

Oh what exciting times we live in! Lets rush to the barricades and die singing like French students in English musicals!

The organisers of ActorsminimumWage Blog (whom the Arts Group has been supporting with medical supplies and ammunition – and advice) are working with other actors and revolutionaries to bring the first act of organised resistance against the oppressor.

There is talk of a month long boycott of unpaid theatre to oppose the elitism and exploitation of emerging professionals in the acting profession.

It would be great for members to support this effort, and get you all joining in with the debate: vote and make comments on the Actors Minimum Wage website.

Take part in the poll and read more about la resistance: http://actorsminimumwage.wordpress.com/2010/07/24/the-boycott-question/

Viva la revolucion!

“Skillset will from the beginning of April join forces with fashion and textiles to create one of the biggest Sector Skills Councils in the UK.

Following a number of changes to the Sector Skills Council network, Skillset, the industry body which supports skills and training for people and businesses in the UK creative media industries, is welcoming the fashion and textiles sector.

Skillset’s footprint already includes TV, film, radio, interactive media, animation, computer games, facilities, photo imaging and publishing. It will now have a combined portfolio worth more than £45 billion to the economy each year and the move is expected to give employers a stronger lobbying voice on skills issues for the future.

This transition has been seamless and Skillset has a dedicated staff team specialising in fashion and textiles work, many of which have transferred from Skillfast-UK, which previously represented the sector. 

This team will continue to implement the UK fashion and textiles industry-endorsed work programme and Skillset will be able to bid for new funds for training for the sector. The team will include a dedicated Nations manager based in Scotland, whose role is to support work in the devolved nations and a number of qualifications specialists.

Skillset Chief Executive Dinah Caine said: “We are pleased to be expanding Skillset and welcoming new and complementary industries to our sector. There are strong synergies between the skills issues faced by fashion and textiles employers and those in the creative media.

“Shared concerns include the reliance on mostly graduate entry and intense competition from overseas.”

The fashion and textiles sector makes up an important part of the UK economy contributing more than £11.5 billion each year. 

Skillset will be carrying out research to identify skills needs in fashion and textiles and producing an annual assessment of what these are. For a more detailed analysis of the current fashion and textiles skills landscape please read the Strategic Skills Assessment for the UK Fashion and Textiles Sector in the UK at www.skillset.org/research/index/#ssa“

We look forward to working with Skillset in their enhanced remit, particularly our sources suggest the Fashion Houses are far from up to standard in their internship practices and would really benefit from using Skillset’s new guidelines!

In response to their research showing that almost half (44%) of the Creative Media workforce said they had carried out unpaid work to get into the industry, Skillset have released exemplary guidelines for internships and other work-based learning. Involving the Arts Group throughout the consultation process, the sector skills council for Creative Media have broken the widespread ambiguity of many other groups and called for an acceptance of the role of general interns. Put together by Skillset in collaboration Creative & Cultural Skills and Arts Council England, the guidance aims to promote good practice and clarify the various entry routes into the creative industries.

“As the individual is performing as a ‘worker’ and is not in full-time education, employers must adhere fully to National Minimum Wage legislation throughout the duration of their placement.”

Skillset goes on to further elaborate on the broader range of work-based learning opportunities available, providing employers with a thorough opportunity to engage in both paid and unpaid routes with fairness and accessibility at the core. The guidelines place internships (broken down into “student” and “general” modes) within a broader context including Volunteering, Work Experience, Traineeships and Apprenticeships, providing a fantastic model for examining the future of work based learning and vocational education.

The guidelines include recommendations on:

• Limiting work experience placements to no more than 160 hours and reimbursing expenses;
• Paying at least the National Minimum Wage for anyone on a graduate internship;
• Limiting the working week of trainees and interns to 40 hours.

Whilst differing in some minor aspects from the recommendations of the Arts Group’s own Emerging Workers Report – the Skillset approach represents by far the best offer from any organization outside the Student Movement, and if implemented would make a huge difference to thousands of young people and those entering the creative industries for the first time.

“Getting a job in the creative industries should be about talent and potential. Yet this can prove challenging, given the sheer numbers who want a job and how informal entry often is.

“We understand that the recession and its impact mean that this is a challenging time for the industry. But by addressing this issue now we are seeking to make sure that the best and brightest talent is given fair access – and securing that talent is one of the best ways that we can ensure our future.”

~GMTV Chairman and Skillset chair Clive Jones

“We hope these guidelines will lay solid foundations for employers, setting out responsibilities in a clear and accessible way.”

~Skillset chief executive Dinah Caine

Click here for the pdf of the guidelines

The full report is here…this is what it has to say on “Interns and Internships”:

4.76 Evidence from stakeholders continues to indicate that labels such as

‘volunteer’, ‘intern’ or ‘work experience’ were sometimes applied to

activities that are clearly work and for which at least the minimum wage should be paid.

In its evidence, Equity said that there was an ongoing

problem of unpaid work, particularly with walk-on roles that offer no pay.

Interns Anonymous claimed that interns were being used by employers

to cut the cost of basic administration and entry level jobs. In his

evidence, Mark Watson submitted 140 adverts for unpaid interns and

work experience that appeared to break minimum wage rules. In its oral

evidence, the National Union of Journalists (NUJ) said that many people

who were undertaking work experience were actually doing jobs that

employers relied on, particularly in television and consumer magazines.

It said that there was an over-supply of people desperate to work in the

media industry and employers have built unpaid work placements into

their business model. In its oral evidence BECTU said that some well

established companies used the terms ‘volunteer’, ‘intern’, ‘trainee’ or

‘work experience’ in the entertainment industry to encourage people to

undertake unpaid roles which included basic office work, digitising

material and writing up transcripts.

4.77 It is becoming increasingly commonplace in certain sectors, particularly

the media, entertainment industry and in politics, for employers to

demand a period of unpaid work experience as a means of getting into

the industry. The Government’s Fair Access to the Professions report

highlighted the issue of unpaid internships and how they serve to limit

career choices to those who can afford to work unpaid and those who

live near London. We received evidence from several individuals and

organisations that confirmed this finding. Interns Anonymous claimed

that it was difficult to gain employment with MPs or political parties

without intern experience in parliament. In its oral evidence the NUJ said

that it was hard to get a job in journalism without having previous work

experience but despite people undertaking internships, there was often

no prospect of a permanent job for interns. It estimated that only 30 per

cent of unpaid journalist positions resulted in permanent jobs. In his

evidence Mark Watson said that a period of unpaid work was now

regarded as an unofficial price of entry into many industries, resulting in

large numbers of young people failing to be paid the minimum wage

where it was due. The TUC said it did not believe that employers should

be able to demand a toll of unpaid work before awarding jobs as this

puts those people without parental financial support at a disadvantage.

4.78 We recognise the benefit to young people undertaking work experience

and do not want to stop individuals undertaking genuine work experience placements or discourage employers from offering good quality opportunities. Our view has always been that unpaid work experience is an area where wider dissemination of guidance and more

effective enforcement is needed, rather than any change to the rules

themselves. However, we are concerned about the increasing number

of organisations that are relying on interns, often for several months, to

perform work for no pay. The evidence we received on unpaid work

experience indicates that there is systematic abuse of interns, with a

growing number of people undertaking ‘work’ but excluded from the

minimum wage.

4.79 We have expressed our concerns about unpaid internships to BIS

throughout the year and it has responded positively. In its evidence to

us, BIS said that it recognised the concern that was expressed in the

media about the inappropriate use of internships. It said that it would

consider whether there was anything further it could do to make its

guidance on work experience clearer for employers and interns and

increase awareness of the guidance. We further encourage BIS as part

of this work to engage directly with the sectors in which lengthy unpaid

internships have become the norm. We invite BIS to present its

proposed strategy to us by the summer.

4.80 We have also raised our concerns about unpaid internships and effective

enforcement with HMRC. HMRC responded that in none of the

complaint cases it had received in 2009 concerning interns was there

sufficient evidence to suggest that the individuals were ‘workers’. It

reported that it cannot get reliable figures on the number of interns who

complain because it does not record whether a worker regards

themselves as an intern when they ring the helpline. Stakeholders

confirmed that there was a reluctance on the part of some people

undertaking work experience, who believed they were a ‘worker’, to

report complaints to HMRC.

4.81 We understand that in some cases it is not clear or easy to define

whether a person is a ‘worker’ or on a period of unpaid work experience.

However, while it is not illegal to advertise jobs which do not pay at least

the minimum wage, we believe that HMRC should adopt a more proactive

approach to investigating cases and sectors where the term

‘intern’, ‘volunteer’ or ‘work experience’ is being applied, particularly

when work is clearly being advertised. HMRC has indicated that it may

be implementing a new enforcement approach in relation to interns.

We judge this is likely to be appropriate and have asked HMRC to keep

us aware of any developments. We will monitor these carefully.

________________________________________

Here’s what it says on actors and the creative sector in particular…

4.47 Equity highlighted the problem of work being offered for no pay, giving aspiring performers an opportunity to work in the industry. Our Secretariat also met two actors who raised the issue of the complex nature of the law in relation to the entertainment industry and of roles in TV and film being advertised as unpaid when they were clearly work. They wanted it to be made illegal to advertise work for no pay. The actors, along with Equity, had passed details of adverts offering work for no pay to HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) and felt that some sort of sector specific guidance for employers and agencies in the entertainment industry would be beneficial.

4.48 During a visit to London we met a group of actors who told us of the problems those in the entertainment sector faced. These included: agencies taking their fees from a day’s pay, leaving the worker with less than the minimum wage, and offering no subsequent work to the actor; work being advertised for no pay (but sometimes with expenses); and the complex nature of the regulations in this sector. They told us that those in the industry were reluctant to report abuse for fear that they would subsequently find it difficult to obtain work.

4.49 In November 2009, an Employment Tribunal ruled that workers engaged on an expenses-only basis were entitled to payment at least in line with the National Minimum Wage. The case was brought by a department assistant against a film company and was supported by the Broadcasting Entertainment Cinematograph and Theatre Union (BECTU).

4.50 We have again heard this year about a number of problems faced by those working in the entertainment industry. We understand that the issues are not always as straightforward as they may appear and that two enforcement bodies, HMRC and the Employment Agencies Standards Inspectorate, have an involvement in this sector. While more may need to be done in relation to enforcement of existing regulations, we believe the production and publication of guidance specifically for the entertainment industry would go some way to highlighting the rights and obligations of employers, agencies and workers in the sector.

We therefore recommend that the Government produces, in conjunction with interested parties, sector specific guidance on the National Minimum Wage for the entertainment sector. We will monitor the situation with regard to this group of workers carefully and, following publication of the sector specific guidance, review the effect of its publication.

More information on the Low Pay Commission is available on their website at www.lowpay.gov.uk

Words by Lemma Shehadi

The increase of the creative industry’s numbers and economic activity is a recent development. To account for this, the Creative Graduates Creative Futures published a report on the career patterns of creative graduates. Undertaken between 2008 and 2010 and involving 3,500 creative graduates from the last six years, here we outline the CGCF executive summary, released in September 2009, of which a full report is to be published this spring.

What is particular to graduates in creative degrees, is that in pursuing their careers, they tend to engage in a multitude of activities. The CGCF highlights  that these activities combine a pattern of portfolio work and learning. This stems from the practice-led research emphasised in the curriculum of creative degrees. Graduates seem to combine this skill of applying their learning to work, whilst always learning and working throughout their creative careers

What this tends to encourage is a combination of self-employment and employment, and also a perfect ease with self-employment as a means of self-led learning. The summary reports that 45% of the graduates interviewed had worked on a freelance basis.

Creative graduates find the transition from higher education to the work place quite smooth. Their creative curriculum requires them to apply their learning through live projects. In the course of their degree, they are asked to set up exhibitions, they may receive commissions, and they work amongst teachers who are also practising artists.  Practice-led research becomes an important factor that creative Higher Education institutions want to maintain and enhance for the future.

Whilst portfolio careers are more desirable to creative graduates, they are financially less sustainable. As the summary states, creative careers are not always very well paid. It emerges then that graduates working one steady job earn more than those engaged in three or more paid occupations. The latter, rely on these combined income streams to make a living.

However such a statistic-led research, though it can bring to light certain key patterns amongst creative graduates, does nothing to illustrate how such dynamics are achieved. Neither can it account for the concerns or the exceptions that it highlights. Why graduates choose portfolio careers over having one job with higher pay is not a question that can be answered by the executive summary. And whilst it gives a positive and dynamic portrayal of the ever growing cultural sectors, it merely glosses over a concern that creative roles tend to have a low pay.

Words by Lemma Shehadi

Graduates fresh out of uni and looking for employment enter a vicious cycle: for though they have the qualifications, they do not have the experience required. Without this, they are unable to get a job, and are furthermore barred from gaining experience. Internships, paid or unpaid, help to resolve this problem.

There is a flexibility as to what qualifies as an internship, which leads some people to see it as “volunteered” work and others as exploitation of labour. The problem of definition begins with the distinct lack of grants available for interns, which make the opportunity exclusive to those who can afford to work without pay. Unpaid interships cover expenses only, and the Job Seeker’s Allowance is only legible to those who have been claiming it 6 months prior to their internship. This likens internships to indefinite unemployment.

In contrast, interns in Wales can claim a minimum of £240 for 10 weeks. What the Go Wales Work Placement does, in limiting the allowance  to 10 weeks, is also restrict the length of internships to that time. This makes the shorter placements more appealing and  reduces the risk of exploitation.

Consider the classic nightmare intern scenario. This is the one where the intern, hoping she will be offered employment by the company, or unable to find a placement elsewhere, works unpaid for over 6 months, during which she is asked to make coffee or squeeze oranges. What is clear in such cases is the following: a six month placement is no longer an internship, and neither do running jobs count as work experience for qualified graduates.

The fear is that in such cases, internships are breaking the minimum wage law, whereby anyone over the age of 22, working full hours should be paid a minimum of £5.80 an hour. A philosophy student argued that a worker’s relation with a company are purely financial, and his work contributes to an economic system of gain. To not receive monetary rewards in return is exploitation. Another student however points to a loop hole whereby because interns volunteer to work, they can do so without pay.

However interns have reported very positive unpaid experiences, many of which would no longer be available should pay become a requisite. Small businesses, online magazines, underground record labels cannot afford to pay their interns, but can provide them with great experience and the possibility of a job. A consultant at Chatham House in Picadilly told me about an intern for whom a solid position was actually created in order to make her an employee. When she left that job, the position was offered to another intern. Chatham House’s internships pay expenses and are restricted to three months.

It is not the pay, but the length of an internship that should be monitored, as well as the company’s work ethic. It is clear that this ethic will not change even if paid internships were enforced. This may, in the end, justify exploitation of employees, by becoming a disguise for what is really an underpaid job. To restrict the length is to reduce the time given for exploitation to become possible. This works on a number of levels, namely that it highlights the “temporariness” of an internship to both the intern and the employer. The former is less likely to feel trapped in an unpaid job with no financial or intellectual benefits.

See the article on jotta

www.dwpubsporadic.com/2010/01/sourcethatjob-takes-a-stand-over-exploitation.html

The recruitment site for media professionals, which is a sister site of Daryl Willcox Publishing, now no longer accepts advertising from companies looking to recruit people for unpaid internships because it has become difficult to distinguish genuine work experience opportunities from free labour.

In the period since the economic downturn, SourceThatJob.com found there had been a significant increase in the number of internships being offered – yet at the same time the number of genuine media jobs was diminishing.

Unpaid internships are a widely acknowledged part of the media industry and are considered to provide the experience and ‘foot-in-the-door’ necessary to get on the career ladder. However some companies have used this to their advantage, taking on interns in unpaid positions which are usually three to six months long but can be on-going.

“There is a need for young, inexperienced journalists to gain experience, but there is also a risk that employers may exploit their interns for their own gain,” said Daryl Willcox, founder of SourceThatJob.com. “It’s a two way street really, but I think there is a real risk that one side of that street could be wider than the other. Employers that have work experience opportunities with the prospect of a real job at the end often contact colleges and universities directly. We’ve attracted many positive comments supporting our stand – obviously people have differing views, but it’s reignited an important issue.”

A recent survey from the National Union of Journalists (NUJ), of which Daryl Willcox is a member, found that of those who did post-qualification work experience one out of five undertook a placement for three months or more, with some working for over six months unpaid. Further results showed that more than 80% of those on a placement had their work published or broadcast during their work experience. However, 82% of these students did not receive any payment for their work.

In November last year The Employment Tribunals – judicial bodies which determine disputes over employment rights – ruled that workers engaged on an expenses-only basis are entitled to payment at least in line with the national minimum wage, in addition to payment for the holiday they accrue.

Daryl Willcox continued: “Despite this issue receiving a lot of attention, rising unemployment and increased competition for places in the media means it is unlikely that unpaid internships will disappear any time soon. However, a recent Government ‘kitemark’ initiative to highlight quality internships may go some way in helping to identify genuine opportunities.”

More information on the Government’s kitemark initiative can be found here: http://interactive.bis.gov.uk/unleashingaspiration/

Daryl’s internship exploitation podcast can be heard here: http://www.dwpubsporadic.com/2010/03/sourcethatjob-strikes-a-chord-over-media-internship-exploitation.html

‘Of course students may be concerned, which is why we are working hard to show that real opportunities are available to them including work, further study, volunteering and Internships. Internships are great way for graduates to kick start their careers by gaining the valuable skills and work experience at a time when they face a more competitive job market.’

Yes David, ‘a great way’ for those who can afford to be exploited by organizations violating the National Minimum Wage. Thanks a bunch. Welcome to the only government who simultaneously claims to champion social mobility whilst also using unpaid work as a strategy for streaming graduates for recruitment.